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Sains Malaysiana 55(9)(2026): 1523-1542
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2026-5509-10
Plasma-Engineered
Anthocyanin Interfaces for Enhanced Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Performance: A
Brief Review of Synthesis and Device Performance
(Antara Muka Antosianin Kejuruteraan Plasma untuk Prestasi Sel Suria yang Dipertingkatkan Peka Pewarna: Suatu Kajian Ringkas Sintesis dan Prestasi Peranti)
SITI ROKHMANILA1,2, AHMAD NAZRI DAGANG1,*,
HASIAH SALLEH1, WAN HAFIZA WAN HASSAN1 & NIK AZIZ NIK
ALI3
1Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
2Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of
Engineering, Pamulang University, Pamulang,
15310, Tangerang, Indonesia
3Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
Received:
21 December 2025/Accepted: 2 September 2026
*Corresponding author; email:
nazri.dagang@umt.edu.my
Abstract
Anthocyanins are among the most extensively studied natural sensitizers
due to their abundant availability, environmental friendliness, and optoelectronic
properties that support solar energy conversion. However, their use is still
limited by low photostability, weak interaction with semiconductor surfaces,
and limited electron injection efficiency, resulting in poor device performance
and scalability. Plasma treatment has emerged as an effective and
environmentally friendly approach to modifying the dye–semiconductor interface
by enhancing surface energy and interfacial charge transfer. Nevertheless, our
understanding of how plasma parameters affect anthocyanin stability and DSSC
performance remains fragmented. This review systematically evaluates recent
developments in the synthesis, modification, and application of
plasma-engineered anthocyanin interfaces in DSSCs, highlighting achievements, device
optimization strategies, and prospects for commercialization to support the
development of sustainable photovoltaic technology.
Keywords: Anthocyanin;
DSSC; natural photosensitizers; plasma treatment; photovoltaic
Abstrak
Antosianin merupakan antara pemeka foto semula jadi yang paling banyak dikaji kerana ketersediaannya yang melimpah, sifat mesra alam dan ciri optoelektronik yang menyokong penukaran tenaga suria. Walau bagaimanapun, penggunaannya masih terhad oleh fotokestabilan yang rendah, interaksi yang lemah dengan permukaan semikonduktor serta kecekapan suntikan elektron yang terhad, yang seterusnya menyebabkan prestasi dan kebolehskalaan peranti yang rendah. Rawatan plasma telah muncul sebagai pendekatan yang berkesan dan mesra alam untuk mengubah suai antara muka pewarna-semikonduktor melalui peningkatan tenaga permukaan dan pemindahan cas antara muka. Namun begitu, pemahaman mengenai pengaruh parameter
plasma terhadap kestabilan antosianin dan prestasi DSSC masih belum menyeluruh. Tinjauan ini menilai secara sistematik perkembangan terkini dalam sintesis, pengubahsuaian dan aplikasi antara muka antosianin yang direka bentuk menggunakan plasma dalam DSSC dengan menyoroti prestasi, strategi pengoptimuman peranti, serta prospek pengkomersialannya bagi menyokong pembangunan teknologi fotovolta mampan.
Kata kunci: Antosianin; DSSC; fotovolta; pemeka foto semula jadi; rawatan plasma
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